Nkhope Yamaonekedwe a Mask Yowulula Sayansi Yachiwiri

Mtsutso waposachedwa komanso waposachedwa - ndikuwongolera mfundo - pakugwiritsa ntchito maski amaso poletsa kufalikira kwa Covid-19 kukuwonetsa kawiri konse. Pazifukwa zina, takhala tikuchiza mwanjira imodzi iyi zaumoyo wa anthu. Sitikuwona op-ed omwe amafunsa ngati anthu amafunikira kuti asayandikane pamsewu, kusiyana ndi mapazi atatu, kapena kukayikira ngati kuli lingaliro labwino kupititsa patsogolo kugwirana chanza komwe kuli. Masekondi 20 kutalika. Koma zikafika pophimba nkhope zathu, katswiri wothinira wapaka ntchito. M'masabata aposachedwa, akatswiri adalangiza kuchenjeza, kapena kukana kugwiritsa ntchito masks kwa anthu wamba - popempha umboni wabwinowu komanso wotsimikiza. Chifukwa chiyani?

Zowona, zoona, kuti mabuku ofufuzira za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa maski samapereka mayankho olondola. Palibe mayeso akulu azachipatala omwe amatsimikizira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito masks kungapewe kufalikira; ndipo omwe amayang'ana maski ndi fuluwenza atulutsa zotsatira zaubwino. Koma kusuntha kwa umboniwu sikutiuza zambiri, njira iliyonse: mayesowa satsimikizira kuti masks ndi othandiza, kapena kuti ndi owopsa kapena kuwononga nthawi. Ndi chifukwa maphunziro onse akhala ochepa komanso owerengeka omwe ali ndi mavuto aukadaulo.

Mwachitsanzo, lingalirani za kuyeserera kwakukulu kwa masankho pakati pa ophunzira aku koleji aku US mu 2006-07 fuluwenza. Kuchepetsa matenda pakati pa iwo ovala kumaso kumaphunziro amenewo sikunali kopambana. Koma chifukwa kafukufukuyu adachitika panthawi yomwe idakhala nyengo yofatsa ya chimfine, mayesowo adalibe mphamvu yowerengera funso; kunalibe odwala ambiri okwanira ofufuza kuti adziwe ngati kuvala zamasamba kumayambira paukhondo wokha. Sakanadziwitsanso kuti mwina ophunzira anali atadwala kale mayeso asanayambe.

Kapena mutengenso kafukufuku wina wamvula yomweyi, nthawi ino ku Australia, zomwe sizinathandize. Yemwe ankayang'ana akulu omwe akukhala ndi ana omwe anali ndi fuluwenza. Pasanathe theka la anthuwa omwe anasankha zovala za maski mwachisawawa akuti "amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kapena nthawi zonse." M'malo mwake, nthawi zambiri anali kugona pafupi ndi ana awo odwala popanda iwo. Izi zikufanana pang'ono ndi funso loti muyenera kuvala chophimba pakati pa alendo pa golosale mkati mwa mliri.

Koma ichi nchinthu: Munthu akhoza kupanga zodandaula zomwezo ponena za umboni wothandizila kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa maski ndi ogwira ntchito yazaumoyo. Ngakhale aliyense avomera kuti izi ndizofunikira kwambiri m'zipatala ndi zipatala, sichoncho chifukwa tili ndi umboni wotsimikizika kuchokera ku mayeso omwe adachitika mwadzidzidzi. Mayeso ochepa azachipatala omwe tili nawo ogwiritsa ntchito masks a ogwira ntchito yazaumoyo kuti ateteze fuluwenza sikuwonetsa kanthu; komanso sangawonetse kuti opumulira opitilira muyeso a N95 amagwira ntchito bwino kuposa maski opangira opaleshoni. Mayeserowa sakhalanso abwino. Mwachitsanzo, wina adayesa kuyesera kwa masks ovala zovala poyerekeza antchito azaumoyo omwe adawavala ndi iwo ovala masks opangira opaleshoni, komanso gulu loyang'anira lomwe limatsatira "machitidwe wamba" kuchipatala. Zinapezeka kuti ambiri ogwira ntchito pagululi anali atavala masks opangira opaleshoni, kotero kafukufukuyu satha kuwonetsa ngati masks a nsalu anali abwinoko (kapena oyipirapo) kuposa kuvala zosavala.

Zowonadi, maziko azasayansi ogwira ntchito zachipatala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito masks samachokera ku mayesero azachipatala a kufalikira kwa miliri kapena miliri. Amachokera ku kuyerekezera kwamabara. Kumawonetsa kuti masks amatha kuletsa ma virus kuti asadutse - pali anthu angapo angapo mwa iwo - komanso kuchokera ku maphunziro owongolera milandu panthawi ya mliri wa coronavirus wa 2003 womwe udapangitsa SARS. Maphunziro a SARS amenewo sanali okhudzana ndi azaumoyo okha.

Ndizowona kuti ogwira ntchito yazaumoyo kapena anthu ena omwe amayang'anira odwala omwe ali ndi Covid-19 amawonekera kwambiri pamatumbo a coronavirus kuposa wina aliyense. Potengera kuperewera kwa chigoba, mwachidziwikire amakhala ndi chidziwitso chofuna kupeza. Koma chimenecho sichiri chifukwa chonenera kuti kulibe chithandizo chogwiritsira ntchito masks ndi wina aliyense. Kupatula apo, palibe mayesero ena azachipatala omwe amatsimikizira kuti mtunda wautali wa 6 wamtunda umalepheretsa matenda, monga momwe tikudziwira. (The World Health Organisation imangolimbikitsa kupatukana kwamiyendo itatu.) Komanso zoyesa zamankhwala sizitsimikizira kuti kusamba manja athu kwa masekondi 20 sikuposa kuchita izi kwa masekondi 10 ikafika pakuchepetsa kufalikira kwa matenda mu mliri wamatenda opumira. Maziko azasayansi pazakulimbikitsidwa pamasekondi 20 amenewa kuchokera ku US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention amachokera ku maphunziro a labotale omwe amayesa ma virus m'manja atatha kusamba kosiyanasiyana.

Nanga gwero lachiwonetsero lachiwonetsero lodzikongoletsa pamasamba amaso-ndipo chifukwa chiyani lidatsitsidwa?

Ndikuganiza kuti makamaka chifukwa tidasamalira kachilombo ka HIV nthawi yonseyi, kwinaku tikukula mophatikiza kuthekera kwathu kuthana nayo. Miao Hua, wothandizira komanso yemwe amakhala kuchipatala cha Mount Sinai ku New York City, adadzidzimuka ndi kusiyana kwa malingaliro pa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka kachilombo ka matenda aku US poyerekeza ndi Wuhan. Ku China, adalemba masabata angapo apitawa, kufalikira mkati mwa zipatala kudasokoneza mwachangu lingaliro loti njira zopezera zakudya zikhale zokwanira kuyimitsa coronavirus yatsopanoyi. Zomwe amamva kuchokera ku China zidagonja, adatero, ndipo makamaka nkhawa chifukwa "achipatala aku America alephera kulembetsa mbiri yakale ya Covid-19".

Kusintha kwa ndondomeko ya CDC posachedwa pakuthandizira masks kukusonyeza kuti kuvomereza kwakanthawi kochulukira mwina kumapeto. Mawu a bungweli akuti kusinthaku kukusonyeza umboni kuti matendawa sakupatsirana chimodzimodzi ndi fuluwenza: kuti anthu amatha kupatsirana komanso kusokonekera, ndikuti kachilomboka kangathe kufalitsa pakulankhula, komanso kutsokomola, kusisita komanso kulumikizana. pamalo owonongeka.

Ndikuganiza kukana kulimbikitsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chigoba ndi anthu wamba komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowirikiza kawiri pakuchirikiza umboni, kunachitikanso ndi nkhawa kuti anthu sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito masks osadziipitsa okha. Kapenanso kuti masks akhoza kupereka malingaliro abodzedwe otetezedwa, zomwe zingawapangitse kusiya kuzengereza kuchita zinthu zina kapena njira zina. Kuyankhulana mogwira mtima ndikofunikira pano, monga momwe yakhalira pakugwiritsa ntchito mwaluso. Stella Quah, katswiri wazachilengedwe ku Yunivesite ya Singapore, adaphunzira zokhudzana ndi vuto la SARS ku Singapore, komwe msonkhano wothandiza anthu pa zaumoyo unaphatikiza maphunziro okhudza zaukhondo, komanso kutentha komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino maski a nkhope. CDC idatembenuza chiwonetsero chake chogwiritsira nkhope

Maphunziro ochulukirapo kuposa amenewo adzakhala ofunikira, komabe, ngati zithunzi zonse zomwe tikuziwona pa TV za anthu omwe ali ndi masks osaphimba mphuno kapena makina ndi chilichonse chodutsa. Mbiri yaposachedwa imaphunziranso chimodzimodzi. Pambuyo pa mkuntho wa Katrina, othandizira kupumula adalimbikitsidwa kwa aliyense yemwe akuchita ntchito yakuchotsa nkhungu ku New Orleans. Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi momwe iwo amagwirira ntchito mwachisawawa okhala ndi anthu 538 adawonetsa kufunikira kwa maphunziro: 24 peresenti okha ndi omwe anali kuwavala moyenera, ndipo nthawi zambiri anali anthu omwe amawagwiritsa kale; pamenepo 22 peresenti ya anthu amavala zopumira zawo mozondoka. Olemba kafukufukuyo adamaliza: "Njira zopititsira patsogolo kupumitsa ziyenera kuganiziridwanso pokonzekera kapena miliri ya mliri ndi masoka." Kafukufuku wa 2014 ku Wuhan adapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera othandizira opuma pantchito zachipatala sikokwanira kwambiri atatha maphunziro.

Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito masks kufalikira (ndikuyenera) kumapangitsa kuti kachilombo ka HIV kuthawe pompopompo? Kafukufuku wa 2018 wolemba a Jin Yan ndi ogwira nawo ntchito ku US Food and Drug Administration adapanga zojambula pamalingaliro kuchokera pamalingaliro aku labotale. Iwo ati ngati 20 peresenti yokha ya anthu imagwiritsa ntchito masks, sizipangitsa kusiyana kufalikira kwa fuluwenza. Mwa 50 peresenti, kutsatira, pogwiritsa ntchito masks osasukira kwambiri, zotsatira zake zimakhala zazikulu. Izi ndi zotsatira chabe zabodza, ndipo tikudziwa kuti kufalikira kwa Covid-19 kwakhala kuli m'malo osagwiritsa ntchito masks. Komabe, vuto likakhala kuti silikulamulira, ngakhale ndalama zochepa ndizofunika.

Mapeto ake, ndizovuta kuthawa kukayikira kuti magawo awiri okhudzana ndi masks samasiyana kwenikweni ndi sayansi kuposa kusiyana kwachikhalidwe pamomwe timayankhira miliri. Kusiyanaku kwawonekera kuyambira pachiwopsezo choyambirira cha coronavirus, SARS, chomwe chinasintha malingaliro ndi chikhalidwe chozungulira thanzi la anthu ku Asia. Sizongokhudza masks okha: Maiko osakhala aku Asia nawonso achita mosiyana pakupenyerera kutentha kwa anthu kapena kupha tizilombo ta malo aboma. Palibe chatsopano pankhaniyi,. Nthawi zambiri timafunsa umboni wapadera kwambiri pomwe chochita sichigwirizana ndi malingaliro athu. Kuti, mwatsoka, ndizofala; ndipo asayansi alibe chitetezo.

WIRED ikupereka mwayi waulere ku nkhani zokhudzana ndi thanzi la anthu komanso momwe mungadzitetezere panthawi ya mliri wa coronavirus. Inglembetsani nkhani yathu ya Coronavirus Pezani zosintha zamakono, ndikulembetsa kuthandizira utolankhani wathu.

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© 2020 Condé Nast. Maumwini onse ndi otetezedwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito tsambali kumaphatikizapo kuvomereza Chigwirizano cha Ogwiritsa (kusinthidwa 1/1/20) ndi Mfundo Zachinsinsi ndi Mbiri ya Cookie (zosinthidwa 1/1/20) ndi Ufulu Wanu Wachinsinsi ku California. Osagulitsa Zidziwitso Zanga Zanga Wiredi akhoza kulandira gawo logulitsa kuchokera pazogulitsa zomwe zimagulidwa patsamba lathu monga gawo la Mgwirizano Wathu Ndi Ogulitsa. Zinthu zomwe zili patsamba lino sizingatengeredwenso, kugawidwa, kutumizidwa, kusungidwa kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pokhapokha ngati chilolezo choyambirira cha Condé Nast chachitika. Zosankha Zotsatsa


Nthawi yolembetsa: Apr-09-2020